Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Genevieve Kish
- 1 hour ago
- 3 min read
Understanding COPD and How Nutrition Can Support Better Breathing
By Charli Jade Wellness
What Is COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory lung disease that makes breathing increasingly difficult. It most commonly includes two conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema
In emphysema, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, become damaged. As these air sacs lose their elasticity and stretch, the lungs become enlarged, making it difficult for air to move in and out efficiently. This can cause carbon dioxide to become trapped in the lungs while reducing the amount of oxygen that enters the bloodstream.
Suggested Image: Healthy lungs vs. lungs affected by COPD
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis occurs when the bronchial tubes (airways) become inflamed. Tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which normally help remove mucus and debris from the lungs, become damaged. As a result, mucus builds up, narrowing the airways and making breathing more difficult.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Individuals living with COPD may experience:
Persistent coughing
Wheezing
Hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood)
Decreased appetite
Fatigue
Low energy levels
Swelling of the feet and ankles
Constipation or diarrhea
Clubbing of the fingernails
"Sometimes it is okay if the only thing you did today was breathe."— Unknown
Risk Factors
Several factors may increase the risk of developing COPD, including:
Cigarette smoking
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Long-term exposure to dust, chemicals, or air pollution
Advancing age
Genetic factors, such as Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Nutritional Therapy for COPD
Proper nutrition plays an important role in supporting lung health, maintaining strength, and improving quality of life for individuals with COPD.
Nutrition Goals
A healthy nutrition plan should focus on:
Achieving and maintaining optimal nutritional status
Correcting fluid imbalances
Maintaining a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI)
Increasing fruit and vegetable intake
Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods
Including soy-based foods when appropriate
Drinking black tea, which contains beneficial plant compounds that may support overall health.
Dietary Tips for Better Breathing
Making small changes to your eating habits can help reduce the effort required for breathing.
Eat your largest meal when your energy levels are highest, typically in the morning.
Choose smaller, nutrient-dense meals throughout the day.
Eat slowly.
Chew food thoroughly.
Sit upright while eating.
Rest before meals if you become fatigued easily.
Increase calcium and vitamin D intake as recommended by your healthcare provider.
Limit sodium to help reduce fluid retention.
Limit caffeine if it worsens symptoms or affects hydration.
When to Seek Additional Support
Managing COPD can feel overwhelming, but you don't have to do it alone. If you feel you need additional support, speak with your healthcare provider or consider joining a COPD support community.
COPD Support Group
The American Lung Association offers helpful resources and support for individuals living with COPD.
A Final Note
Nutrition and lifestyle changes can play a valuable role in supporting lung function and improving overall well-being. However, they should complement—not replace—medical care.
Always consult your physician or qualified healthcare provider before making significant changes to your diet, exercise routine, or beginning any new supplements.
References
Braun, C. A., & Anderson, C. M. (2007). Pathophysiology: Functional Alterations in Human Health. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
NutritionFacts.org. (2012). Treating COPD with Diet [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tbGlP1H8lI
St. Florian, I. (2009). Nutrition and COPD: Dietary Considerations for Better Breathing. Today's Dietitian, 11(2), 54. http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/td_020909p54.shtml